# ANTONOV АN-24 RV.

... Antonov AN-24RV remains one of very few top realistic models ever created. Not only the feeling of real airplane behavior at all stages of flight, also stunning visual effects, scrupulously recreated flight compartment, and the fact that it is freeware makes it altogether a masterpiece. Having flown this airplane for over 1000 hours in real life, I get this beautiful and somewhat nostalgic feeling every time I take her to the virtual air.

Alexander Rapoport

Editor, CRJ Series Flight Manuals

Bombardier Aerospace.

trim@total.net

### Direct links:

· Aircraft's model description

· Panel description

· Autopilot description

· Flight instructions

· Short Russian-English glossary

## Preface.

When the model An-24RV from RFGroup appeared for MS Flight Simulator 2000 it was like a revolution in the add-ons design. Since, many simmers tried to adopt this model for FS2002 but without much success. A new visual model and a new panel were needed. After the release of our An-24B and even in spite of an incorrect dynamics, this plane immediately replaced the old one. It has been followed by two other planes of the same family: short-range transport An-26 and aerial photographer An-30. The actual release of An-24RV for FS2004 corrects some bugs in An-24B, supplies a new dynamics and adds lots of new features namely a full interior with working virtual cockpit and passenger cabin. The model works in both FS2004 and FS2002. The panel works only in FS2004. There is an older FS2002-compliant version available on the web.

The panel update is a bit complicated deal because there were almost no aircrafts with the same panel. The aircraft itself has been declined in 43 modifications. Each version could have a slightly different cockpit. With the development of avionics, many gauges have been replaced on the existing panels. That’s why it is almost impossible to create « The An-24 Panel ». We tried to make a general panel that has the most used and typical avionics and instruments on An-24. This panel is very complete because it includes also instruments used on arctic and military versions.

## Аuthors.

- Visual model, exterior and interior, animations – Dimitri Samborski (samdim@chez.com)

- Exterior painting and many advices about the cabin disposition and levers functionalities, model testing – Nikolai Samsonov (instruktor@pisem.net)

- Interior painting, VC panel disposition, beta-testing – Maxim Mysin (mysinmax@mail.utk.ru)

- The panel itself (created in 3Dmax) and some gauges – Valery Bocharnikov (valery_b@ptline.ru)

- Gauges GAU and bitmaps to XML gauges, technical support, testing and consulting – Stepan Gritsevsky

- Dynamics – RFGroup. Tested by Alexander Rapoport. AIR file by RFGroup, corrected for FS2002/2004. Aircraft.cfg file by RFGroup, P.Yashin, D.Samborski

- RSBN scenery – Andrei Pryadko

- Sounds – Ruslan Forostyak. Completed by Gergely Koza (fsro@as.ro)

- Thanks to Serguei Skozhevnikov for his help in the development of the autopilot, to Dmitry Ermakov for the complete An-24 instructions docs

- Special thanks to George Sukhykh for blueprints and testing, Vladimir Sokolov and Dmitry Kolesnik for their XML gauges taken as example and to RFGroup – Valentin, D.Prosko and others

- Documentation translated in English, putting everything together, installation program by Dimitri Samborski

## The Aircraft

### Exterior Visual Model

The visual model has some animations only accessible if you have shortcuts bounded to the following actions (it can be configured in the Configuration/Key Assignments menu) :

- Passenger Door : open the passenger door and deploy the ladder

- Cargo Door : open the cargo doors (front and rear).

- Tail hook : open the cabin windows

- Wings folding : enter the maintenance mode – open the gear bays, the engines, the nose and lower the antistatic ground cable

- Water rudder deploy: glass cleaners

The visual model has every possible animation:

### Exterior model animations

- Flaps. (F5-F8) Interior and exterior flaps deployment. Interior flaps have little shields that open when the flaps start to deploy.

- Control surfaces. (joystick) All control surfaces are animated and have animated trimmers. (num.pad. 1, 7, 0, Enter)

- Gears. (G) Rotating tires – the tires image becomes blurred at high speed to improve the visual effect. Extension/deployment using13 animated parts per gear. Working suspension. Nose gear direction independent from the rudder (the rudder can be disabled by pressing Ctrl-D)

- Landing lights. On An-24 landing lights share the same body with taxi lights. To switch on the taxi lights, switch on navigation. Light beams follow the lamp animation (bounded to gears retraction). Attention: usual keyboard shortcuts (L, Ctrl-L) may not work with the panel. Use the correspondent switchers on the panel (bottom-left corner)

- Doors. The passenger door (Shift-E) is supplied with a folding ladder that deploys when the aircraft is on ground. There are also two cargo doors (Shift-E 2) on the right side of the fuselage. Actually, all the doors are bounded to the same key (passenger door) because of an incompatibility of the cargo doors with the panel.

- Cabin windows. (bounded to tail hook key) – open them after the landing to equilibrate the air pressure. In the cockpit, they have also animated handles.

- Gear bay doors, Engine cowlings and Nose – (bounded to wing folding) all animated for maintenance mode on ground. There is also a little anti-static cable that descends to the ground.

- Propellers – (F1-F4) use each three differently textured parts – for still, slow and fast rotation. They dispose of the automatic feathering – it occurs when an engine stops airborne.

- Glass cleaners (bounded to water rudder deploy) – they are also visible from the cockpit.

Cockpit animations

- Throttle levers (F1-F4) – on the central console

- Pedals (joystick with Z-axis)

- Flaps (F5-F8) – on the rear side of the central console. The flaps switcher features a security mechanism with a locker.

- Gears (G) – on the rear side of the central console. Like flaps switcher, features a locker.

- Parking brakes (Ctrl-.) – at the rear base of the central console and beneath the captain’s yoke.

- Yoke (joystick)

- Trimmers (num.pad 1,7,0,Enter) – big wheels on both sides of the central console (move very slowly)

- Cabin windows and passenger door with ladder are animated like in the exterior model.

- All the exterior animations visible from inside the plane are present in the virtual cockpit view.

The visual model uses many materials with different levels of dynamic shine and transparency. The exterior model uses reflective textures with alpha-channel and lighting maps. The interior model uses night-lighting textures for the interior parts. Some of the interior parts use also lighting maps.

The visual model contains special instructions to hide invisible parts (like engines interior when the engines are closed) and thus improve the framerate. There is also a shadow model that makes the FS engine calculate the shadow far faster and again improve the framerate on ground.

##

### Virtual Cockpit

The plane has a fully functional virtual cockpit with passenger cabin and exterior views. Be sure you have the ActiveCamera plugin to be able to move inside the plane; otherwise you can’t enter the passenger cabin.

When you are in the cabin, the disposition is the following:

- captain’s place : as usually, to the left

- 2nd pilot’s place : as usually, to the right

- navigator’s place : behind the captain

- radio’s place : behind the 2nd pilot, turned back

- flight engineer’s place : in the middle, behind the central console. His seat is folded and serves a stair to access the pilots’ seats.

Depending on configuration and difficulty of flight conditions, the aircraft can be piloted by smaller crew. Actually, only two to three people are needed to fly the plane.

Behind you: the passenger cabin. No first class, no economy class – everybody’s equal in the USSR.

Gears and flaps controls are specific. The switchers are provided with security lockers. To raise the gears, you must first turn the locker, then initiate the retraction with the switcher, raise the switcher to the initial position and lock it again. The same procedure should be respected when operating the flaps. These procedures are done automatically by animation.

The third throttle lever operates the additional jet engine RU-19. Since a jet engine cannot be placed on a turboprop aircraft (FS limitation), the lever is not operational. In fact, it is rarely used in the real life.

The navigator’s panel is situated right behind the captain’s place. Press « 2 » on the numeric keypad to move back (using ActiveCamera) and see the panel. A tip: when you move back, you’ll first see a map or an approach plan situated on the navigator’s panel. Place here the approach plan of the airport you are going to and you will have the possibility to quickly look at it without loosing control of the aircraft. Just move backward and forward with Active Camera. To place you own picture there, put the picture into the Textures folder and name it « A_MAP.bmp ». Like any FS texture, it must be 256x256, 512x512 or 1024x1024 pixels and 8, 16 or 32 bit in depth. Grayscale (8 bits) images would be the best. If the image doesn’t show up in the cockpit, check it isn’t 24 bits in depth and is of a right dimension.

##

# The Panel

## Panel Interface.

Antonov An-24 has a complex panel and normally it is piloted by a crew of four or five members. It is impossible to put all their gauges on the same screen. In this panel, we applied the principle of multiple workplaces. Our model can be piloted by just one simmer who must take an appropriate workplace depending on the stage of the flight. Each workplace corresponds roughly to the workplace of a crew member. Some concessions have been made to simplify the use of all these panels by one person but the gauges disposition is generally well respected.

## Switching between panels.

Switching between some panels can be done as usually by pressing « Shift-1 », « Shift-2 » etc. The others are shown/hidden by clicking special zones (buttons or active icons) with the mouse

Some panels are inter-dependent. For example, the yoke is not needed to be shown on the navigator panel, so it is closed when the user switches to the last one. This provokes sometimes a dysfunction: the impossibility to show up some of the panels from the navigator panel. To avoid this, take the following actions:

- after the main panel loads, switch to the navigator panel

- open and close the following panels : autopilot, cap (« КУРС-МП ») and SPU

- switch back to the main panel

## Pilot Cabin.

The main panel is situated in the pilot cabin. The majority of the panels can be shown from there.

The autopilot panel is called by clicking on the icon “АП-28Л” (low-right corner)

The weather locator (a big screen at the right) is just a decorative element but it serves to switch to the navigator panel. Click on it to show up the navigator panel. Click on the weather locator in the navigator panel to go back to the main panel.

Click in the middle of the yoke to hide it. Click on its axis to show it up. There is also a button on the yoke that calls the SPU panel. When the yoke is hidden, the SPU panel can be shown by clicking on an icon close to the clock.

Above the weather locator, there is an invisible button to show up the overhead panel where all the radios are situated.

Clicking a little bit lower and to the right of the yoke axis will show up the flaps indicator gauge. On the real plane it is situated horizontally on the right-hand side captain panel. That is why there is no fixed place for it on the main panel.

The main panel contains the following gauges :

0. Magnet compass.

1. Indicator panel. The middle and the right leds indicate a dangerous banking : more than 32° in the nominal flight or more than 15° at takeoff or landing (the speed is lower than 230 km/h). The left led indicates that the autopilot is on.

2. Pitch and vertical acceleration indicator (AUASP)

3. Combined horizontal speed indicator ( КУС-730/1100К. )

4. Vertical speed indicator ( ВАР-30.)

5. Indicator of a dangerous engine vibration. Doesn’t work for the moment in FS2004.

6. Markers lamps.

7. Markers receiver lamp.

8. Lamp « propeller unlocked ». In reality, unlocking the prop diminish dramatically the thrust. This isn’t yet implemented in FS2004. For the moment, these lamps indicate the thrust reverse (throttle to 0, then press F2 for few seconds)

9. Horizon gauge. To switch it on, use the flight engineer’s panel.

10. VOR indicator.

11. Two-channel ADF indicator.

The pilot’s panel

12. Throttle indicators

13. Engine indicators ЭМИ-3К. Show the oil temperature and pressure together with the fuel pressure before the injection.

14. The dangerous altitude panel (РВ-УМ). Signals when the altitude is lower than the chosen one. Set the critical altitude with the tumbler on this panel. Switch the monitoring on. « K » is a check-up position..

15. Altitude indicator (ВД-10). When the pressure is set, an additional gauge appears for 10 seconds. This gauge can also be shown by simply clicking on the altitude indicator.

16. Altitude from the ground indicator ( РВ-УМ.) The monitoring should be switched on from the dangerous altitude panel (14)

17. Button of compass correction ( ГИК – 1.)

18. Hydrocompass (ГПК-52), it is also used to set up the course in the « Turn » mode of the autopilot.

19. VOR indicator ( ППДА-П) from the RSBN pack.

20. Exhausting gas temperature indicators (ИТГ-1).

21. DME.

22. Light and heating switches. From left to right:

0. Pitot heating;

1. Landing lamps deploy.

2. Switches between landing and taxi light. For the moment only the landing light is implemented. The taxi lights are switched automatically with Nav lights.

3. Beacon lights;

4. Panel lights;

23. Clock (АЧС-1). Clicking on it will make the arrows disappear for 5 seconds. This is done to make easier reading the chronometer and the total flight time.
24. Electric turn indicator (ЭУП-53),

25. Gears indicator.
26. Rpm indicator.
27. Fuel consumption indicators (РТМС-1.2-Б1).
28. Flaps indicator (shown when the user clicks on the zone « D »)

1. Overhead panel switch.
2. Navigator panel switch.
3. Flight engineer panel switch.
4. Flaps indicator switch.
5. Yoke switch.
6. SPU switch.
7. Autopilot switch.

## Flight Engineer’s Panel.

In reality, there is no single flight engineer’s panel on An-24. Instead, there are several little panels that we have assembled in one to make it useful. It includes three parts : engine startup, additional jet engine startup (disabled) and power switches

Flight engineer’s panel

The flight engineer’s panel contains the following gauges:

1. Start engines button.

2. Indicator of APD system. Actually it is lit during the engines startup.

3. Left-Right engine start switcher. The middle position is neutral.

4. Stop engine startup button. Shuts down both engines.

5. Fuel pump ("ПРТ-24") for the left engine.

6. Fuel pump ("ПРТ-24") for the right engine.

7. Block of fuses and switchers. Up position is « on », down position is « off »:

· АККУМ. – accu switcher;

· ГЕН.1, ГЕН.2 – dynamo switchers for the left and the right engines;

· ПТ-1000 – avionics on switcher;

· АГД-1 – horizon indicator switcher;

· ГИК-1 – hyro induction compass ( ГИК – 1) switcher;

· СИГН. ШАССИ – gears and flaps indicators on switcher;

· РСБН – RSBN navigation system switcher;

· КУРС-МП – Course indicator on switcher;

· АП-28Л – autopilot power on switcher;

· ЗВУК – sound alarms on switcher;

· De-ice systems for wings, elevators, engines and props – not yet implemented in FS2004.

A. Invisible button for closing the panel.

## Engines Startup.

The engines startup has been slightly simplified. It is done from the flight engineer’s panel. The procedure is the following :

- Accu switcher on (АККУМ)
- Left engine switcher on ("ПРТ-24");
- Engine select switcher ("ЛЕВ. – ПРАВ.") – to the position Left ("ЛЕВ.");
- Press and hold the startup button ("ЗАПУСК"), When the engine reaches 5% of max rmp, the lamp "РАБОТА АПД" lits, after reaching 45% the lamp goes off, so you can release the button;
- Engine select switcher ("ЛЕВ. – ПРАВ.") – to the position Right ("ПРАВ.");
- Repeat the same startup procedure for the right engine;
- Engine select switcher ("ЛЕВ. – ПРАВ.") – to the middle position;
- To stop an engine, switch off the switcher "ПРТ-24";
- To stop both engines, press the stop engines button "Прекращение запуска двигателя".

The bottom part of the panel is used to start the additional jet RU-19 in the right engine nacelle. This jet is basically used to boost the takeoff but can also serve as an independent energy source in case one or both main engines fail. It provides a 800kgs additional thrust. Usually, RU-19 is not used at all. Since in FS2002-2004 an aircraft cannot be turboprop and jet at the same time, this engine is not implemented.

## Overhead Panel.

The overhead panel contains mostly the radio stuff. On the real plane, there are many other systems that cannot be implemented in FS2002-2004, like fire extinction systems. We didn’t put unusable gauges on the panel because it is already quite overcharged.

Overhead panel

The overhead panel contains the following gauges:

1. Aircraft responder.
2. Two independent ADF panels.
3. Two VOR panels with course setting gauges
4. ADF signal level indicators.
5. COM1 panel
6. Radio compass switchers.
7. COM2 panel
8. Radiosystem switcher.

1. Invisible button to close the panel.

## Navigator’s panel.

Depending on the modification, the navigator’s panel in An-24 can vary from just a bottle of oxygen to a complex system. We implement here the most complete one, like those used on arctic and military versions.

The navigator’s panel contains the following gauges:

1. Two ADF panel.
2. ADF signal level indicators.
3. RSBN settings panel.
4. hydrocompass ГПК-52 panel
5. Two-channel ADF indicator.
6. VOR indicator (КППМ.)
7. Radio compass switchers.
8. DME indicator and switcher.
9. Horizontal speed indicator (КУС-730/1100К).

Navigator’s panel

10. Markers lamps (top) and DME fail lamps (bottom).
11. Button of compass correction ( ГИК – 1.)
12. Hydrocompass (ГПК-52), it is also used to set up the course in the « Turn » mode of the autopilot
13. Clock АЧС-1.
14. VOR indicator (ППДА-Ш) from the RSBN pack.
15. – 22 : second pilot’s gauges (see the main panel)

1. Active icons for opening/closing RSBN and NAS-1 navigation systems. They are shown over the navigator’s panel because of the lack of space.
2. Active icons for opening/closing the following panels : autopilot; course (КУРС-МП); SPU; additional course indicator with high resolution scales (ГИК/ГПК).

NAS-1 navigation system.

NAS-1 panel contains the following gauges:

1. Side derive : speed and angle indicator.
2. « N-E » counter.
3. Map angle setting.
4. Side derive distance indicator.
5. NAS-1 systems switcher.

## SPU Panel.

SPU panel allows to set the frequency of a radio station and to listen to its Morse code signals. For the moment, the signals can only be heard on one radio compass. In future versions, a Morse code generator will allow to listen the signals on both channels.

## Autopilot Panel.

The autopilot panel contains also the elevator trimmer indicator (1). A detailed description of the autopilot is supplied further in this document. Here are some specific issues concerning the implementation in FS2004.

The autopilot is situated on a separate panel accessible from the main and the navigator panels. To close the autopilot panel, click on A.

We implemented a « Combined Control » mode. It consists of using the joystick to temporary deactivate the autopilot. With the autopilot on, press the button 1 on the joystick. The lamp "ВКЛ" extinguishes and the lamp "ГОТ" lights. Now you can pilot normally the plane and correct its trajectory or speed. When you release the button, the autopilot activates again taking in account the new vertical speed and cap.

To fine tune the autopilot, use the special service panel :

Here is what is written on the service panel :

1. Вкл.АП – autopilot on.
2. Быстр. Откл – autopilot off for a moment.
3. Танг.вверх-Танг.вниз – pitch control buttons.
4. Контр.Выс – altitude control button.
5. Зад.курс – setting the coordinated turn button. When the button is pressed, the turn value can be set by using one of the joystick’s axis.
6. Совм.управл – combined control button

Axis labels:

1. Элер – ailerons axis.
2. Р.В – elevator axis.
3. Разв – rudder axis.
4. The rest is not yet implemented.

The button "Ручное управление через прибор" (manual control via device) switches the direct joystick control using API Windows functions. This is recommended to the owners of too « noisy » devices that interacts negatively with the autopilot.

The service panel is just a shortcut to some of the autopilot’s functions. All these functions can be used directly from the autopilot. The use of the service panel is optional.

## Autopilot AP-28L1 of AN-24

The autopilot AP-28L1 doesn’t need any pre-settings. It can be enabled in any conditions provided the altitude is greater than 300m, the pitch is between –20° and 20° and the bank is between –30° and 30°. As it was said before, it can be briefly deactivated by simply pressing the button 1 of the joystick (on real aircraft - a special button on the yoke). When the autopilot is switched on, the aircraft keeps the actual pitch and course. As for banking, it returns to zero.

Autopilot panel’s lamps :

- « Гот » : (ready) autopilot’s ready (yellow lamp)

- « Вкл » : (on) autopilot’s on (green lamp)

- «Разворот» (turn) - coordinated turn handle

- two switchers «Спуск — Подъем» (up/down) for changing the altitude (by any of the pilots)

- autotrimmer «Автотриммер» switcher for trimming the elevator

- autopilot on/off switcher «Питание» (power)

- servomotors switcher «Включение АП»

- switcher «ГМК — ГПК — Разворот» to bound the autopilot with either the compass ГИК-1, or the hydrocompass ГПК-52АП, or the course definer 3K-2

- pitch switcher «Тангаж» : switches off the servomotor of the elevator trimmer

- lamps «От себя» and «На себя» (from you/towards you) – indicate appearing of the force on the yoke when trimmer motors fail

- button «Горизонт» (horizon), to enter horizontal flight (doesn’t work)

- button « KB » and a lamp – to indicate that the altitude corrector KB-11 is on

### Using the autopilot AP-28L1

If the turn handle «Разворот» is not at the position zero at the moment the autopilot is switched on, the servomotors are not enabled

In horizontal flight, set the turn handle to the neutral position. Autotrimmer and Pitch switchers – on (up). Choose the appropriated bounded navigation device and switch on the autopilot («Питание»).

10-100s later, a yellow lamp should lit. Stabilize the aircraft using trimmers. Press the button «Включение АП» (servomotors on). The yellow lamp should go off and the green lamp – on.

To hold the altitude, press the button « KB ». A green lamp should light indicating that the altitude corrector KB-11 is switched on. To avoid dangerous accelerations, don’t exceed 1.5m/s when activating this feature.

To set the climbing or descending rate, use the switchers «Спуск — Подъем». Click and hold any of them in the position «Подъем» (climbing) or «Спуск» (descending) until the plane pitches and achieves the right vertical speed.

When you use the switchers «Спуск — Подъем», the corrector KB-11 switches off, so the green lamp extinguishes. To resume horizontal flight, you must stabilize the plane and press the button « KB » again.

To execute a coordinated turn, turn slightly the handle «Разворот». The plane will bank and start turning. When the wanted banking is achieved, leave the handle in the current position. To stop turning, turn the handle to the first non-zero position. When the banking approaches zero, turn the handle to the neutral position.

To make a coordinated turn to the indicated cap, choose the cap using the cap setting gauge 3K-2. Then switch the bounded navigation device switcher to «Развороты». The aircraft will turn and take the specified cap. When turning, you may change the cap but the change should not exceed 120°. After the plane takes the cap, return the switcher to the previous position - «ГПК» or «ГИК»

## Course-MP System (VOR)

Course-MP is a soviet analog of VOR. It can also be used on international flights.

There is no principal difference between Course-MP and VOR, so they work in the same way.

The aircraft is supplied with two half-packs of Course-MP. Each half-pack has its own gauges for setting the frequency and the cap. They are situated on the navigator’s panel, but also doubled on the overhead panel. However, only the first one can be used for automatic landing system “Путь-4МПА”

The system contains a course angle indicator ИКУ-1А and a radiosystem selector. The indicator ИКУ-1А (RMI) shows always the magnet course.

The radiosystem selector is used to set the mode of work of the board radio devices (VOR, ILS, RSBN), and monitoring their signals to the captain’s and the second pilot’s avionics. There are five fixed positions on the selector :

- « РСБН » : show RSBN information on the main panel

- « РСБН / СП-50 » : show RSBN information on the captain’s panel and the first half-pack of Course-MP information – on the second pilot’s panel

- « 1 » : show the information from the first half-pack of Course-MP on the main panel

- « Совм » : send the info from the first half-pack of Course-MP to the captain’s panel and the info from the second half-pack of Course-MP to the second pilot’s panel

- « 2 » : show the information from the second half-pack of Course-MP on the main panel

FS2004 limitation : since RSBN and the second half-pack of Course-MP use the same radio channel, when the selector is on positions “РСБН”,“РСБН/ СП-50” and “1”, the second half-pack of Course-MP doesn’t work and respectively when the selector is on positions “Совм” and “2”, RSBN doesn’t work.

There are four lamps indicating the presence of radio signals. When a red lamp is lit, there is no signal. The lamps К1 and Г1 indicate the presence of vertical and horizontal beams of ILS for the first half-pack of Course-MP. The lamps К2 and Г2 – for the second half-pack.

The navigator’s gauge КПП-М shows the same information that the captain’s gauge НКП-4

The illustration shows the active zones of the Course-MP gauge to set the values of frequency and cap. Note that the upper zones are oblong to prevent hiding the digits with the mouse pointer.

## Autonomic Navigation System NAS-1 (HAC-1) and Radio Navigation System RSBN-2 (РСБН-2)

Check their original full description in the file IL-18_5.DOC by S.Gritsevsky, D.Dobronravin and P.Hvatkin.

Here are just the active zones on the NAS-1 gauges. « B » means East, « C » means North, « АП » means autopilot and « OБHУЛEHИE » means « reset ».

## Flight Instructions

### Taxiing

Do not exceed 30 km/h ( 16 kts ) at taxi. Taxi lights are combined with landing lights. They are enabled with navigation lights and when the landing lights are deployed.

### Takeoff

Flaps - to 15° (the first position)

Arm the brakes and raise the throttle briefly to 40%. Then raise to 100% and release the brakes (press ".")

Start to raise the plane at ~87 kts (160 km/h), the takeoff should be at ~100 kts (185 km/h). Keep the pitch approx. 8-9°.

At 114 kts (210 km/h) retract the gear.

At 125 kts (230 km/h) and minimum 120m of altitude raise the flaps.

After raising the flaps, use trimmers and throttle to keep the climbing rate constant and the speed at 162 kts (300 km/h)

### Cruising

Cruising speed is ~210 kts (390 km/h) (indicated airspeed) at FL150. This corresponds to approx. 475km/h on ground. The best economical flight altitude is approx 15000 ft (5 km)

### Descending

Don't exceed 290 kts (540 km/h) to avoid structure deformation. Normally, descend at approx 240 kts (460 km/h) ground speed and 5 to 10 m/s (900 to 1800 ft/min). Keep 162 kts (300 km/h) on downwind and base legs.

### Landing

On the downwind leg, extend the gear. Deploy the flaps to 15° (the first position) and reduce the speed to 130 kts (250 km/h). On the base leg, deploy the flaps to 38° (the second position). Deploy the landing lights if necessary. Keep the speed of approx. 108-110 kts (200-210 km/h) on the final approach. After the touchdown, enable the thrust reverse. Open the cabin windows in order to equilibrate the pressure in- and outside the plane

### Maximal values

Maximal speed on descend: 540 km/h (290 kts)

Maximal speed to deploy the gear: 300 km/h (162 kts)

Maximal speed to deploy the flaps to 15°: 300 km/h (162 kts)

Maximal speed to deploy the flaps to 38°: 250 km/h (135 kts)

Minimal speed without armed flaps: 191 km/h (103 kts)

Maximal flight altitude: 26800 ft (8400 m)

Maximal angle of attack: 11.8°

## Short Russian-English Glossary

The main panel

АНО panel lights

Винт снят с упора thrust reverse

Выкл Off

ДМЕ DME

Маркер marker

Опасная вибрация лев двиг.прав dangerous left/right engine vibration

ПВД Nav.lights

Приближ. цели пролет approach, pass-over

Пробл. маяк strobes

РВ-УМ Altitude alarm

ФАРЫ Lights

- вып deployed

- пос landing

Flight Engineer's panel

ЗАПУСК ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ Engines startup

Запуск Start

Лев Left

Прав Right

Земля Ground

Воздух Air

ЗАПУСК ДВ. "РУ-19" Engine RU-19 startup

Правый двиг Right engine

Левый двиг Left engine

Контр Control

Вкл On

Выкл Off

Прекращение запуска двигателей Stop startup

Холодная прокрутка двигателей Cold rotating

АЗС fuses and switches block

Аккум Battery

Ген 1,Ген 2 Generator1,2

ПТ-1000 Avionics power

АГД-1 Horizon indicator

ГИК-1 Hyro induction compass

СИГН ШАССИ Gears and flaps sound alarm

РСБН RBSN nav.system

КУРС МП Course indicator

АП-28 Л 1 Autopilot AP-28L1

ЗВУК Sound

Противооблед.система De-ice

Выключено Off

Overhead radio panel

АРК ADF

Курс МП VOR/ILS

Частота МГц Frequency, MHz

Курс Cap

На To

От From

Navigator's panel

АРК VOR

РСБН RBSN nav.system

Азимут Azimuth

Орбита Orbit

Посадка Landing

На To

От From

Лев Left

Прав Right

Вкл On

Выкл Off

Угол цели Angle to the point

Расстояние до цели Distance to the point

Радиокомпас Radio compass

Задатчик курса Cap setting

Широта Lattitude

ДМЕ DME

Курс Cap

Autopilot panel

Спуск Descend

Подъем Ascend

Гот Ready

Вкл On

РАЗВОРОТ Turn

Авто тримм Auto trimmer

Питание Power

Вкл АП autopilot on

ГПК/ГМК/ЗК (compass to use for turning)

Тангаж Pitch

Gauges names.

КУРС-МП

АП-28Л

КУС-730/1100К

ВАР-30

ЭМИ-3К

РВ-УМ

ВД-10

ГИК – 1

ГПК-52

ППДА-П

ИТГ-1

АЧС-1

ЭУП-53

РТМС-1.2-Б 1