version 3.2.1 including Trislander and Fans Islander

(c) 2004 by Marcel Kuhnt

# Installation

See readme.txt.

# The visual model

The following models are currently available or in development:

- BN-2A 2 bladed with HF-Antenne

- BN-2A 2 bladed without HF-Antenne

- BN-2B 2 bladed

- BN-2B 2 bladed with sharp nose

- BN-2B 2 bladed with sharp nose and long exhausts

- BN-2B 3 bladed

- BN-2B 4 bladed

- BN-2A Mk. III-2 Trislander

- BN-2A Inducted Fans

- BN-2B 2 bladed with magneto phone (to play CDs in the first CD-ROM drive)

- BN-2T

(models written in italics are currently not available)

The model (inside and outside view) is made with GMax 1.2 and FS2004 Gmax SDK. The outside view model consist of an as most as possible rebuilt fuselage, wings with new-made ailerons and flaps and a new made vertical stabilizer, many details (e.g. antennas, pitot head, exhausts, beacons, nav lights) and many animations: flight controls, trim tabs, flaps, doors (pilot, two passenger and a cargo bay door; please mind, that if you open the door with magnetos left in the on position, you will hear an audible warning!), wheels, gear struts, you can activate the maintenance mode by using the "folding wings" function to open the engine cowling, the nose and the avionic compartment and to advise a mechanic to repair the left engine. Also, you can put stairs to the door and fit the pitot head and the ailerons with security items.; you have to click on the "remove before flight" item to activate this and you have to click on the "Treppe" (German for stairs) or "Stairs" sheet to activate the stairs. If you push the aircraft back, you will see the "truck" to push back.

You can now board passengers into the aircraft if you use the special gauge (see under the headline "Panel"). Please mind, that the flightsim internal payload won't change with this gauge, usually it is loaded with 8 passengers a 75 kilos.

At night, you will see the complete lighting, including nav lights, beacon, landing lights and (in the BN-2A) ice inspection lamps, these are lights at the engines, which illuminate the wings to inspect if there is ice.

The inside view model or virtual cockpit is now fitted with new, sharper gauges and "clickable" 3D switches. Now, you can feather the propellers via drag and drop and you see the passengers, too. If you fly bad or there are turbulences in the air, you can see them as a relative moving of the view! Even if you touch down especially on an uneven surface, you will see this! You will find several new animations here, too, like adjustable sun glasses and an operable DV window.

If you switch the carburetor heat on if you have full throttle and rich mixture, you will see a smoke (because of the too rich mix).

## Repaints

I will release a repaint kit for everyone of you, who want to make a repaint of the islander. Please mind, that this software is NOT PUBLIC DOMAIN but FREEWARE, that means, you have to ask me for permission to upload a modified aircraft!

# The Panel

The 2D panel includes 5 additional sub panels; to switch on press [Shift] +

[2] GPS panel

[3] Lower part of the panel (switches, throttles)

[4] U pper part of the panel (magnetos, flaps & fuel)

[5] Throttle quadrant (including flaps switch, carburetor heat & parking brake)

[6] Overhead (rudder trim tab and fuel selectors)

If you press [5] (or, if Numlock is OFF, press [Shift] + [5]) on the numeric keyboard, you can look from passenger view and you can check if the passenger notices are working!

## Main Panel (BN-2A)

The main flight instruments (attitude indicator, altitude indicator, vertical speed indicator, heading indicator and turn coordinator) are like the same instruments in the Cessna 172. Only the airspeed indicator has other color markings. Further gauges are a VOR1, VOR2, an ADF, a clock and a GPS/NAV switch. The radio stack should not make problems, too. Then there are some new instruments, which are described following:

### Engine Gauges

First, there are the "primary" gauges, which are installed left of the radio stack and the EGT, which is installed left of the yoke:

Revolutions per minute x 1000 | Manifold pressure in inch mercury | Carburetor temperature in °C | Exhaust gas temperature in °C

...followed by the "secondary" gauges, from up to down:

Cylinder head temperature in °C

Oil temperature in °C

Oil pressure in PSI

Fuel pressure in PSI

### Further Gauges

| These lamps display if each generator produces not enough electricity (not enough volts)
| Here, you can see the gyro suction in inch mercury. If one of the pumps is not working, its button will show red.
| At the button, you can adjust the number of passengers, the red lamp lights if you will get into stall.
| The warning lamp lights if the pilots door is open; left of it, you will find the ident of the aircraft.

## Main Panel (BN-2B)

The flight instruments (attitude indicator, altitude indicator, vertical speed indicator and turn coordinator) are like those instruments in the Cessna 172. Only the airspeed indicator has other colored markings. Further gauges are a horizontal situation indicator, an ADF, a VOR 2, two clocks, the GPS/NAV switch and a radio altitude indicator. The radio stack is the same like in the Ce172, just the autopilot differs. New instruments are:

### GPS

Normally, BN2B Islander and especially those flying in the LFH, do not have an autopilot; at this place is a Trimble 2000 GPS. But because I had neither time nor the know-how to build up a complete Trimble 2000, I made a combination of both.

Usually, you are in autopilot mode. Then you can see the following information: in the first line the adjusted altitude (ALT) (in the example 01000 feet) and the vertical speed of 0000 feet per minute. In the second line, you can see the heading (HDG) of 062°. If you change via press on the "GPS" button the mode...

...into the GPS mode, you will see the following data which can only be changed by the included Garmin GPS: first line: you fly now directly to EDDT and this airport is "in 106" degrees (that's not the radial, but the direct course!). The second line has information about reaching this aim: it is 178 NM away and will be reached in 1:07 hours. If there is not an M but an S behind the time information, then this means not 1 hour and 7 minutes but 1 minute and 7 seconds. If the value is not possible to calculate, you will find there --:--E (error).

### Engine Gauges

From left to right means installed in the panel from upper to lower:

Revolutions per Minute x 100 | Manifold pressure in inch mercury | Fuel pressure in psi | Oil temperature in x10 °C and pressure in psi | EGT and CHT each in x10 °C | Carburetor heat in x10 °C

### Further Gauges

| The Central Annunciator Panel (CAP). From left to right and from upper to lower: STALL, BUS BAR = at least one generator produces too less energy, GEN = this generator produces not enough volts, HEATER = overheat, is not implemented, DOORS = the pilot door is not closed correctly; both lamps in the last line are not used. At the bottom, you will find a bright / dim switch and a test button.
| Here, you can see the suction gauge which is driven by the suction pumps at the engines. It is displayed in inch mercury. If a pump is not working, each of the warn buttons will be extended.
| Here, you can adjust the heading gyros. If the upper switch is in the "SLAVE" position, the gyros will automatically be adjusted regularly to the right value. It won't be adjusted if the switch is in the "FREE" position. With the lower switch, you can adjust the gyros manually, either clockwise (cw) or counter-clockwise (ccw).
| Here, you can adjust the number of passengers; you have to adjust the right number to change it. The left number is inactive, it is used in the real gauge to adjust the airport code. Please mind, that this number of passengers won't influence the payload data, you have to adjust them manually.

## Lower Panel

At the left side, you will find the synchronic switching avionic main switches, right of this: in the first line are the pitot heat, nav lights, left and right landing light, left generator, master/battery switch, right generator. In the next line you will find in the BN-2A the structural anti ice, the cabin lights, passenger notices, rotating beacon and external supply/starter isol. (inactive). In the third row are in the BN-2A the propeller anti ice, and the panel lights switch. The rotating switches do not have any function. Right of this switches console, you have the throttle quadrant which is later described detailed.

## Upper Panel (BN-2A)

Here are the magnetos and the starter. ATTENTION! If one of the left engine magnetos is on and you open the pilot's door, you will hear an audible warning. This is implemented also in the real islander, because the engine must not start if you rotate it per hand. Left of these is the flaps gauge, which is displaying if the flaps are up, on take-off position (T.O.) or down. Under this gauge you will find the magnetic compass and the OAT gauge. Left of the flaps gauge are the fuel indicators with the electrical fuel pumps. The voltmeter and the ammeter are only in the virtual cockpit on the right side.

## Upper Panel (BN-2B)

Here are the magnetos and the starter. ATTENTION! If one of the left engine magnetos is on and you open the pilot's door, you will hear an audible warning. This is implemented also in the real islander, because the engine must not start if you rotate it per hand. Left of these is the flaps gauge, which is displaying if the flaps are up, on take-off position (T.O.) or down. Under this gauge you will find the magnetic compass and the OAT gauge. Left of the flaps gauge are the fuel indicators with the electrical fuel pumps. On the right side are the voltmeter and the ammeter.

## Throttle Quadrant and Overhead Panel

On the throttle console you will find the throttle quadrant with each two throttle, prop pitch and mixture levers and the elevator trim tab gauge, followed by the flaps switch, which is a rocker switch. At the bottom are the carburetor heat levers and the parking brake lever.

Please mind the different areas on the throttle quadrant:

Each lever pair has a left, a mid and a right area: the left and the right area are for dragging the levers each alone, the mid is for dragging both. To feather the props, you have to drag the left or the right prop pitch lever, if you drag in the middle for both, you won't get into the feather area.

On the overhead panel you will find the rudder trim tab wheel and gauge and the two fuel cocks or fuel selectors.

## Trislander Cockpit

The basics of the trislander cockpit are the same of the BN-2A cockpit, but includes of course engine gauges and levers three times. You find at the right upper edge the three mixture levers (you can only pull one of them at the same time; pull = lean), at the left below them you have the three RPM gauges; the upper one is the back engine, below of them are the three manifold pressure gauges. Right of the upper one you have a switch to control which engine is displayed in both EGT- and carburettor temperature gauges. These gauges are both at the bottom right of the yoke.

### Upper panel

Here you will find three times the magneto and starter switches for the three engines. The fuel transfer switches are not (yet) active, also the fourth of the switches below of the fuel contents gauges; I do not know its function. If YOU know: please write me an e-mail! The other three switches are the three fuel pumps.

### Throttle Quadrant

You have the three throttle and the three propeller levers. If you want to drag all together, please drag left or right of the center lever between them. Also you have three carburettor heat levers.

## Virtual Cockpit

The virtual cockpit includes the nearly the same gauges and levers as the 2d cockpit. Then, there are several additional animations: you can lower the sun glasses via mouse click, the window in the pilot's door, the dw window, is operable and if you click on the remove before flight unit in the compartment of the pilot's door, you will see these units on the pitot head and the ailerons outside. If you click on the "stairs" or "Treppe" item, the ground workers will add stairs to the door. In the special magneto phone model, you can switch on the magneto phone on the copilot's seat and you can switch on the fan on the panel... If you want to play music, just insert a music CD in the primary drive and press the "play" button on the magneto phone.

In the BN-2A you get a additional light switch left of the switches console: this is for the light on the left engine to illuminate the left wing to check if there is ice.

# Flight Praxis

If can fly Cessna, you will easily fly Islander, too, but you should know a few things:

- For take-off, you should extend the flaps to the position T.O.. The take-off should be done with full throttle, max pitch and max mixture. If you take-off on higher runways, you should lean the mix a bit. The trim tabs are neutral and vr is 60 KIAS. After air-born, you have to trim a bit nose heavy, because the climb rate should not exceed 1000 feet per minute.

- The climb rate is regularly 700 ft/min with 26 inch mercury manifold pressure and a bit reduced rev/min (2600 RPM).

- The cruising is proceed with 23 inch mercury manifold pressure and 2300 RPM, and a reduced mixture. The aircraft will fly at 1000 ft a bit less than 120 KIAS.

- At the beginning of descent with 700 ft/min, you should richen the mixture, reduce the manifold pressure to around 16 inch mercury and switch the carburetor heat on.

- If the airspeed sinks under 110 KIAS, you can extend the flaps to the T.O. position. If the RPM sinks under the adjusted 2300 RPM, pull the prop pitch levers forward to 100%. The second flaps position DOWN should be extended around 80 KIAS.

- Because of the higher mass of the Trislander it has a longer take-off and landing run length.

# Speeds (for the "normal" Islander)

### Stall speeds

Flaps | Payload: | 4000 lb | 5000 lb | 6000 lb | 6200 lb
UP | 42 kt | 45 kt | 48 kt | 49 kt
T.O. (25°) | 37 kt | 39 kt | 42 kt | 42 kt
DOWN (56°) | 34 kt | 36 kt | 38 kt | 39 kt

Further speeds:

Minimum Control (VMC)................................... 40 kt IAS

Flaps T.O. min secure....................................... 61 kt IAS

Flaps UP min. secure........................................ 65 kt IAS

One engine inoperative en-route best gradient of climb speed: 65 kt IAS

Rough air & Flaps DOWN max (VFE).............. 88 kt IAS

Design Maneuvering (VA)............................... 107 kt IAS

Flaps T.O. max............................................... 114 kt IAS

Normal Operating Limit (VNO)........................ 141 kt IAS

Never Exceed (VNE)....................................... 184 kt IAS

Color markings on ASI:

VMC red line

Flap Operating Range (43-88kt) white arc

Normal Operating Range (51-141) green arc

One Engine Inoperative Best Gradient of Climb blue line

Caution Range (141-184) yellow arc

VNE red line

# Checklists

There are three different checklists:

BN-2_Original.doc ...a very detailed of the real BN-2 Islander.

BN-2_Original_easy.doc ...a real, but for the praxis shortened checklist.

BN-2_FS.doc ...a checklist for the flightsim praxis.

# Frequently asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Every time I open the door, I hear a warning tone! How can I switch it off?

A: This warning is on if you open the door with on switched left magnetos. Just switch off the magnetos.

Q: There are some important gauges missing (like the engine gauges, the airspeed gauge, the switches panel). What did I wrong?

A: Obviously, you have not installed the BN32Rest.zip correctly. This gauges are in this archive.

Q: How can I get into the maintenance mode?

A: Therefore, you have to add a key combination to the function "folding wings" and press then this combination.

Q: I have installed the new version in FS2002 but cannot find the aircraft!

A: Unfortunately, the new 3.2 version is not compatible to the FS2002!

# License Information

See License.txt.

# Thanks to...

- Of course to the passengers, which are boarded in my uploads: from nose to tail and from left to right: the pilot is "anonymous", right of him sits my sister Ronja Kuhnt, second row: Ulfert Post (tower on Wangerooge) and Bodo Hundorf (baggage service Wangerooge), third row: Nico Hoffmann and Dirk Uloth (LFH pilot), fourth row: Josh Pinkenburg (son of Axel Giese) and I (Marcel Kuhnt), fives row: Doris Lindner (LFH base ops Wangerooge) and Karl Oltmanns (LFH pilot).

- The developers of gMax and of the MS-SDK's

- Jan Brunzema, the chief of the Airline LFH (Luftverkehr Friesland Harle, "airline Friesland-Harle" www.inselflieger.de), the pilots (Karl Oltmanns, Klaas Tjarks, Dirk Uloth, Olaf Klühn, Carsten Vogt, Sven Wagner) and the people of the LFH's base ops (Helge Hinrichs, Hans-Jürgen Baldeus, Doris Lindner, Anne Aneken, Diana Pozimsky, Britta Schröder, Hendrik Brunzema, I hope I haven't forgot somebody...), who gave me much detailed information about how to fly these aircrafts, the gauges and who tested "my" islanders. Karl Oltmanns also made open engine photos.

- My brother and my father, both aircraft spotter and flightsim pilots, who gave me many tips and criticism and helped me in this kind to make my software better. My brother flew in the Islanders of Aer Arann, Ireland and made the row material for my 2 blade sounds.

- Nico Hoffmann, who gave me many tips and criticism and who made the very nice Trislander textures of Aurigny (G-XTOR).

- Marcel Ritzema for his very nice BN-2T paint scheme (PH-RPM)

- Very many others (Axel Giese, Uwe Kipp, Horst Weingärtner, Ulfert Post ( www.edwg.de ), Nils Brunzema, Holger Reimann, Holger Schwede and so on ...)

- Britten Norman, who made the base of one part of my hobby... J

(If somebody doesn't want to see his or her name on this list, please send me a short E-Mail.)

# To the manual and to the aircraft

If you have anything to tell me to the aircraft and/or the manual, you can send your comments to this address:

marcel@m-r-software.de

Please visit my homepage:

www.m-r-software.de

(c) 2004 by Marcel Kuhnt